Purim: Hatred of Jews didn't end with Haman
Mar. 11, 2006. 01:00 AM
JAMES RUDIN
The author of Ecclesiastes had it right: "There is nothing new
under the sun." This is especially true when murderous anti-Jewish
political and religious leaders continue to slither out, century after
century, from under history's rocks. The continuing appearance of
evildoers confirms the belief that while our technology may have
improved since biblical times, the pathology of human hatred and bigotry
remains unchanged.
I will be keenly aware of the realistic words of
Ecclesiastes on Monday evening March 13 when the Jewish people celebrate
the holiday of Purim by publicly reading the book of Esther in
synagogues throughout the world. In 10 brief, brilliantly written
chapters, Esther recounts how a prime minister was nearly successful in
his genocidal plan to murder every Jew in the ancient Persian Empire
that numbered 127 provinces. It was only the personal intervention of
Esther, the Jewish queen, and Mordecai, her politically astute uncle,
that prevented their own deaths and the mass murder of their fellow
Jews.
Each time the name of the villainous prime minister,
Haman,
is read, the congregation hisses, boos and shakes loud noisemakers to
express their contempt for his monstrous plans to physically annihilate
an entire people. In an ironic twist, the book of Esther concludes with
Haman hanged for his crime on the same gallows he had built for
Mordecai.
Purim, the Hebrew name for the dice thrown to determine the
date for the slaughter of innocents, is, in fact, a raucous joyous
holiday. But Purim's festive costumes and special foods, its gaiety and
carnival-like spirit, cannot conceal the terrifying grimness of the
story.
Many scholars believe the book was composed in the 3rd or
4th century B.C. and perhaps referred to the reign of the Persian
Emperor Xexres I (486-465 B.C.). Other scholars dismiss Esther as a work
of fiction that mysteriously found its way into the Bible. What is not
in dispute is that Jews have annually celebrated their deliverance from
death for well more than 2,100 years.
For Jews, there is no mystery why the book of Esther was
included in Scriptures; its sinister story is not fanciful fiction, but
horrible history. Indeed, as the only biblical book without a specific
mention of God, it represents the tragic prototype of all future attacks
upon Jews and Judaism. Those attacks may have started long ago with
Haman, the wicked Persian leader in the Purim story, but sadly, they
have continued throughout the centuries, and include the cruel Roman
Empire, the marauding Crusaders, the notorious Spanish Inquisition, the
Czarist pogroms and the Nazi Holocaust.
Today,
Haman, the would-be ancient killer of Jews, has his
modern counterpart in another Persian leader who also wants to kill
Jews: Mahmoud Ahmadnejad, the president of Iran, the modern name for
Persia. Even though the two evil men are separated by thousands of years
in time, they both share high political offices in the same country, and
they have both engaged in murderous rhetoric aimed at the same group of
people.
Haman: "The Jews do not obey the king's laws, and it
does not pay for the king to tolerate their existence as a people"
(Esther 3:8).
Ahmadnejad: "The Islamic community will not allow its
historic enemy to live in its heartland. The establishment of the
Zionist regime was a move by the world oppressor against the Islamic
world" (Oct. 26, 2005).
Haman: "If it please the king, let a law be written
that the Jews be destroyed" (Esther 3:9).
Ahmadnejad: "As the Imam
(Ayat Allah Khomeini) said,
Israel must be wiped off the map" (Oct. 26, 2005).
Haman: "He was disdainful of killing Mordecai, but
once Haman learned Mordecai was a Jew, he resolved to kill all Jews in
the empire" (Esther 3:6).
Ahmadnejad: "The skirmishes in the occupied land are
part of a war of destiny. The outcome of hundreds of years of war will
be defined in Palestinian land" (Oct. 26, 2005).
Sixty years ago in Nuremberg, Germany, Julius
Streicher,
the notorious Nazi anti-Semite actually compared himself to Haman. Like
his lethal ancient mentor, Streicher was also hanged. As he went to his
death the Nazi war criminal yelled:
"This is my celebration of Purim 1946,
I am now
going to God. ... Heil Hitler!"